Great Arab Revolt Centennial

It was suppose to be my last day in Jordan.  However, due to the Great Arab Revolt centennial celebration, I almost ended up getting stuck again in Amman. 

Many people were celebrating and making their way to a party.  Consequently, the roads were choc-o-bloc with vehicles and my already booked taxi arrived late (to pick me up).  Fortunately, the driver said he knew a short-cut to the airport.

At the airport, (at least one minute before check-in officially closes), the Qatar airline counter staff member informed me that check-in was closed.  Internally, I had already resigned to the eventuality that I might remain in Jordan indefinitely.  However, I explained what had happened and, to my relief, she checked me in.

Had I missed my flight, what would I have done that day?  Celebrate with the locals?  Probably not.  I would have booked the next flight back to the UK or made my way to Cairo to complete my learning.

Some admirers of the Ottoman empire believe that it was primarily defeated by the Saudis (in collaboration by the Wahabis) in collusion with the British empire.  However, this is far from the truth.  Unfortunately, certain Middle Eastern political movements/parties further compound the myth through their publications.

For instance, as will be explained below, the book How the Khilafah was Destroyed, by Abdul Qadeem Zallum (endorsed by Hizb ut-Tahrir) contains a number of misunderstandings.  

Let us begin with ibn Abd al-Wahhab, his supporters would say that in the 18th century (backed by the Saudis) he established law and order in the Najd area (not part of the Ottoman state) and secured the pilgrim routes to Mecca and Medina, and in his letters made it clear that it is wrong to rebel against the rulers (unless they call to sin).

According to M. S. al-Munajjid, ibn Abd al-Wahhaab said to the people of al-Qaseem: “I believe that it is obligatory to hear and obey the leaders of the Muslims, whether they are righteous or immoral, so long as they do not enjoin disobedience towards Allaah. Whoever has become Caliph and the people have given him their support and accepted him, even if he has gained the position of caliph by force, is to be obeyed and it is haraam to rebel against him.” (Majmoo’at Mu’allafaat al-Shaykh, 5/11).

Actually, Kuwait was not under Ottoman rule in 1788.  In the 20th century, the Saudis (with their Bedouin army – Ikhwan) established their current kingdom, but they played a minor role in World War One (possibly a single skirmish with an Ottoman garrison, then war with Kuwait).

They were more concerned with local conflicts (e.g. Rashid dynasty). As far as I know, the Saudis never reached Amman, let alone Damascus. At the southern border of Jordan, they were bombed by the British Royal Air Force.

As for Abdul-Aziz ibn Muhammad, while it is clear that ibn Saud was not an ally of the Ottomans and might of had negotiations with the British, it has never been proven that he was an agent of the British empire.

The Sharifian Army of Mecca, who were the leaders of the Arab Revolt (1916), were bribed with gold and supplied with explosives (by the British empire). Their aim was a United Arab Kingdom, perhaps with Damascus as its capitol.  Faisal (or his army) made it to Damascus.

Later, Faisal was made king of Iraq (by the British).  His brother Abdullah was made king of Transjordan.  Apparently, their father, in the Hijaz, al-Sharif Hussein bin Ali proclaimed himself caliph in 1924.  Soon after, the Hejazi Army (after defeating the Ottomans in Mecca and Medina) lost the Hijaz to the Saudis.

Today, the remaining Sharifian royal family rule the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.   One need only visit the Martyrs museum in Amman or the World War One memorial in Salt, to understand that the Arab Revolt was led by Sharifian forces (initially near the Suez Canal, supported by British forces) and not by Saudi Bedouins in Najd.

Sources:
A History of the Modern Middle East, William L. Cleveland
Saudi Arabia: a case study in development, Fouad al-Fars
The Road to Mecca, Muhammad Asad
A History of Jordan, Philip Robins
A history of Iraq, Charles R. H. Tripp
https://islamqa.info/en/answers/9243/did-shaykh-muhammad-ibn-abd-al-wahhaab-rebel-against-the-ottoman-caliphate-and-what-was-the-reason-for-its-fall
https://www.britannica.com/place/Kuwait/History
https://cdn.britannica.com/89/4789-050-B6176F52/Expansion-Ottoman-Empire.jpg
https://cdn.britannica.com/40/131540-050-EFC5F6A7/Map-Arabia-insets-edition-Palestine-Jerusalem-Encyclopaedia-1902.jpg
http://www.kinghussein.gov.jo/his_arabrevolt.html
https://cdn.britannica.com/49/183749-050-8A2CE93D/World-Data-Locator-Map-Saudi-Arabia.jpg
https://cdn.britannica.com/95/5795-050-F7E34466/Saudi-Arabia-map-features-locator.jpg

You get what you pay for (sometimes)

A Jordanian (with Palestinian background, who had grown-up in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) suggested to me that I could study Arabic in Saudi Arabia (KSA) – for free!

However, I had already met a Korean, who had moved from KSA, who was then studying at the Arab Community College (ACC) in Amman.  On a hill opposite the hospital – a boring place, which is as effective as the Language Centre of Jordan University except that you get what you pay for (whereas at UJLC you pay way more for what you gain – if anything).

As usual, the smart students are the ones who had already studied elsewhere or who already knew some colloquial Arabic.  The rest of the students simply stagnate and end-up repeating levels (so no real cost-saving here).  I also knew a few Chinese students who had already studied at the UJLC, but they still could not (or would not) speak Arabic so no benefit on that front either.

As for the Korean, he started off as intermediate and came alone (like myself) and was forced to communicate (in Arabic) with those who knew no English.  Most of the students at ACC were from the country-side in South-Eastern Europe, southern Russia and the ex-Soviet states, and (unfortunately for them, but fortunately for me) did not learn English effectively while they were at school (unlike in UJLC where most of the students already knew basic English and would rather practice improving this with those of us who were from England).

When asked why he had left Saudi, the Korean described KSA as a harsh place.  In fact, as well as learning Arabic, he was also interested in getting married in Jordan and, luckily (but unfortunately luck might not help him when dealing with nationalism), at least some of the girls, studying Korean, at the University of Jordan wanted to practice speaking with him.

He also asked me if it was easier to get married in Egypt. By that time, I’d only lived in Alexandria, which was not very different to Jordan (in terms of final outcome) so was unsure what to say to him.  Too bad I didn’t speak to him after Cairo (see below).

Continue reading “You get what you pay for (sometimes)”

Fountain of lies

I use to know a Dajani of Jordan (with Palestinian and Circassian heritage), who I think had spent more time outside Amman than inside, including Egypt, Morocco, Canada and the United Kingdom.  In fact, he eventually married a lady in the UK while studying for a masters at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS).

I use like the Dajani (for being knowledgeable in humanities), but he once explained to us that the Jordanians (of east bank origin) are not really Muslim.  For instance, according to him, there was once a street protest and the police arrived to contain it.  Behind them were intelligence.  The demonstrators were using religious chants.  Whereas on the police side, cursing of the prophet of Islam could be heard.

The last time I met him, he argued (with me) that learning Arabic only takes around six months!  Of-course he was lying and for this reason as well as pressuring me to socialise with his friends in Jordan, who were always speaking English or, if I was ‘lucky’, speaking colloquial.  However, colloquial is not normally taught in Jordan so I never understood, except the bit when it’s clear that they hate Wahhabis, which after hearing many times sounds the same in every language.  Also, always trying to get me to attend Thursday Sufi dance sessions, and something they called dikr with bikr.  Eventually, I gave up being his friend.  I was annoyed; I felt that rather than be a true friend, he attempted to weasel and I did not like that one bit.

How can a true Sufi behave like this?  However, with hindsight, he was a saint compared to somebody else we knew.

Qadeer Ali, who studied Arabic with/and Islamic studies at SOAS, and (despite supposedly a friend) contributed to the toxic environment (described above).  Qadeer Ali also encouraged me to dikr with bikr, arguing that it is beneficial for my learning of Arabic, (but not for his obviously).  Probably Qadeer did not want to attend himself (perhaps he only did it so he could get free accommodation with the Dajani, who could be very generous) and felt it only fair that I should force boredom upon myself also.  He finished off with giving me a handwritten copy of all the verb conjugations.  I already had this in my books, but he insisted that I take it as a souvenir.  He should have given that to the guy who failed his Arabic (see below).

In their hearts is a disease, so God has increased them in disease, and for them is a painful punishment because they used to lie (2:10).

In addition, an Arabic-turned-history-turned-media student also joined in the frenzy.  He always had a chip  on his shoulder; I’m guessing because he studied at Ibn Jabal, but failed the first year of BA Arabic at SOAS and then aspired to annoy me. 

Admittedly, the Dajani had much better manners (on most days) than the two Brits put together.

Actually, originally, I really wanted to be his friend (of-course I’m only talking about the Dajani), but I later realised that he always had another agenda and the lies just pissed me off.

Sure, I’m not exactly perfect myself, but I don’t make it my life’s mission to recruit people, by any means.

Saudi Research & Marketing

HH Saudi Research and Marketing publishes and distributes a number of Arabic newspapers and magazines.

I joined one of these departments with an open mind and it seemed quite suitable as it required IT with Arabic skills.

After the first week things started to get complicated.  They wanted me to sign a new contract without my team leader knowing.  Basically, they wanted me and him to work shifts over the weekend.  I did not mind except that I had to keep the contract a secret.  This was silly because he would find out anyway.

My team leader had a low opinion of the director and the company, but of course he sold the role to me during the interview.  He mentioned how the directors and the managers of the various publications only got their jobs due to some connection with the Saudi prince (perhaps a link between their tribe and the royal family).  He also mentioned that the director of our publication had a low opinion of Egyptians and was a drinker (except when his parents came down to visit, which is also the only time he would visit the mosque).  He said he sometimes felt sorry for our colleagues in Cairo as they did not get credit for the hard work they use to do.

The director was impolite and sometimes rude, especially when I had not learnt everything from my team leader (fast enough in his opinion).  This was impossible as my team leader was often off work, mostly due to an ‘eye infection’.*

Things started to get annoying when one of the new members of the news team appeared to have some sort of sectarian agenda.  She said that she is Assyrian and I replied Syrian wow – I visited Syria, but she re-iterated that she is of ‘the original people’.  She spared no effort in informing me that the Turks had committed genocide against her people, forcing them to speak Turkish and converting them to Islam.  She also often spoke ill of Arabs and Palestinians.

In addition to that she disliked the gypsies in Britain and spoke ill of their culture.

Eventually, I understood that the crux of her issue was that during the Ottoman period, some of the Assyrians supposedly colluded with foreign powers (against the Ottoman Empire).  The Ottoman response was forced relocation to other parts of the empire (far from the borders).  Sometimes this resulted in a very large number of deaths.

Furthermore, in the 1930s, the Iraq army crushed a supposed uprising of separatists in the north of the country, but her hatred of Arabs went beyond the 20th century.

After the Arab conquests (of the 7th century), some people started to Arabize (adopting the language of the new rulers and in some cases conversion).  During the medieval period, this process accelerated.  Sometimes there was pressure or incentives.  Other times, it was freedom of choice.

A similar process occurred during the Roman period.  For example, for the people in the conquered lands, joining the army became a means of social mobility in the new empire.  The dominant languages were Roman and Greek.  And previously, under Alexander, a process of Hellenization took place.

Perhaps for these reasons, in the present day, most peoples of the Middle East speak a dialect of Arabic and are Muslim.  Other religions also exist, particularly various denominations of Christianity as well as other languages (although modern standard Arabic is the official language of most Middle Eastern states).

In addition, there were many Jews spread out across the Middle East.  In the twentieth century, many of them moved to Israel and abroad (Syrian Jews mostly emigrated to the USA), but some have remained, for example in Morocco and Iran.  Recently, in Alexandria, Egypt, a synagogue reopened.

The Assyrian working in HH Saudi also saw Arabisation as a period of persecution, which further explained her hatred of Arabs.  For this reason, she believed the Palestinians deserved what they got.

As listening to her was not bad enough, a newer member of the team was recruited and, after joining the debate, introduced himself as a non-Coptic Egyptian (similar to Omar Sharif?).  He claimed that after the conquests, the Arabs stole the lands of the Egyptians.  In his view, the Palestinians were not the only Middle Eastern people who had suffered in history.  So why should they complain so much?

Their Tunisian colleague contended this by saying that the Arabs established military compounds, such as Fustat (outside of the existing settlements), which literally started as army barracks and slowly, over time, developed into cities and sometimes capitals.

Over the course of 1,500 years the Middle East saw a lot of things and some were blaming a whole race of people or civilization for what one leader or ruler ordered or did not order or some thing that was definitely out of order.  Is it really possible to have surveillance of every citizen, police officer and army soldier (especially in a time of war)?

Due to the director’s lack of manners, I left this job and then realized how retarded and toxic the debates in the office had been.  Truly, that in itself was enough reason to leave the company.  A decision I should have made much sooner.

Since leaving, I heard that a director of another publication in the same company had also left.  However, unlike me, he had been sacked!  Sacked for trying to molest his new secretary.  Apparently, previously, he had done the same thing to somebody in HR and when she resisted, he had her sacked.  I also heard that he had subsequently gone on pilgrimage.  Why?  May be because of remorse?  I hope so.  Or perhaps because he is one of those retards who thinks that by doing some religious ritual he can be cleansed of any sin even if he goes back to the same sin again.

May be this is what happens when promotion is based more on who you know and has little or nothing to do with a meritocracy.

Alas, they will never catch up.

*later he confided in me that it was caused by gonorrhea and not conjunctivitis.

Ibn Abd al-Wahhab

Recently, Yasir Qadhi described ibn Wahhab as an extremist and mentions that he saw himself as enlightened and the rest of the world in darkness. He cites a passage from the the following book: ad-Durar as-Saniyyah fi al-Ajwibah an-Najdiyyah.

However, others say his translation is inaccurate. Has Yasir Qadhi forgotten the Arabic language?

Here is my translation:
Let me inform you about myself: (I swear) by God, of whom there is no other.
Certainly, I sought knowledge and I think (he) who knows me (knows) I have a (deep) knowledge.
(Actually, at) that time I (did) not know the (true) meaning of no deity except God, and I (did) not know the (true) meaning of the religion of Islam; before (the coming of) this good fortune, which is from (the grace of) God.
And likewise my teachers, not one of them knew (the meaning of the above).

Sources:
https://archive.org/details/WAQ41814/10_41823/page/n49/mode/2up?view=theater
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-pkk0LPDUoA (What Yasir Qadhi says about Ibn Abdul-Wahab)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LApxhOAejn4 (Did Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab Rebel Against The Ottoman Empire)
http://download.salafimanhaj.com/pdf/SalafiManhaj_Ottomans.pdf