Iraq and Syria

The future of Iraq and Syria looks uncertain to me, yet both countries have much potential if the leaders can accept to nurture what their nation states actually contain, i.e. a broad spectrum of people. If a centralised state is desired, a regime needs to encourage integration (without coercion), foster equal opportunities and support statehood participation by all citizens. Since their creation, during the mandate era, this has been a challenge for both Iraq and Syria.

The beginning of Iraq’s history saw some tribal groups under-represented by the country’s successive governments. The 2003 invasion might of somewhat corrected this issue, but nowadays some feel disenfranchised by the new regime.

In Syria’s history, there has been a lack of self-rule from the beginning, especially for the majority people. It is argued that the lack of experience in democracy led the country down the path of dictatorship (since gaining independence in 1946).

At the political level, the rule of the British Empire did not manage to effectively bring together the various peoples of Iraq, and the policies of the French Empire further divided the various regions of Syria. Today, both countries are challenged with establishing stability and safety, and to reach a political consensus amongst all peoples and regions.

Intervention from the United States of America has not really helped either. In Iraq, the Bush administration was short-sighted, it relied heavily on Nouri al-Maliki. Unity in his regime was short-lived: he turned a blind eye to the excesses of some of the militias (as long as they supported him). This in turn led to the rise of ISIS QSIS (al-Qaeda Separatists in Iraq and Syria).

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “St. John of Damascus”. Encyclopedia Britannica, 30 Nov. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-John-of-Damascus

Marsham, Andrew. “11 Christians, Zoroastrians, Jews and Others in the Umayyad Empire”. The Umayyad Empire, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2023, pp. 257-293. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781399527392-020

Great Arab Revolt Centennial

It was suppose to be my last day in Jordan.  However, due to the Great Arab Revolt centennial celebration, I almost ended up getting stuck again in Amman. 

Many people were celebrating and making their way to a party.  Consequently, the roads were choc-o-bloc with vehicles and my already booked taxi arrived late (to pick me up).  Fortunately, the driver said he knew a short-cut to the airport.

At the airport, (at least one minute before check-in officially closes), the Qatar airline counter staff member informed me that check-in was closed.  Internally, I had already resigned to the eventuality that I might remain in Jordan indefinitely.  However, I explained what had happened and, to my relief, she checked me in.

Had I missed my flight, what would I have done that day?  Celebrate with the locals?  Probably not.  I would have booked the next flight back to the UK or made my way to Cairo to complete my learning.

Some admirers of the Ottoman empire believe that it was primarily defeated by the Saudis (in collaboration by the Wahabis) in collusion with the British empire.  However, this is far from the truth.  Unfortunately, certain Middle Eastern political movements/parties further compound the myth through their publications.

For instance, as will be explained below, the book How the Khilafah was Destroyed, by Abdul Qadeem Zallum (endorsed by Hizb ut-Tahrir) contains a number of misunderstandings.  

Let us begin with ibn Abd al-Wahhab, his supporters would say that in the 18th century (backed by the Saudis) he established law and order in the Najd area (not part of the Ottoman state) and secured the pilgrim routes to Mecca and Medina, and in his letters made it clear that it is wrong to rebel against the rulers (unless they call to sin).

According to M. S. al-Munajjid, ibn Abd al-Wahhaab said to the people of al-Qaseem: “I believe that it is obligatory to hear and obey the leaders of the Muslims, whether they are righteous or immoral, so long as they do not enjoin disobedience towards Allaah. Whoever has become Caliph and the people have given him their support and accepted him, even if he has gained the position of caliph by force, is to be obeyed and it is haraam to rebel against him.” (Majmoo’at Mu’allafaat al-Shaykh, 5/11).

Actually, Kuwait was not under Ottoman rule in 1788.  In the 20th century, the Saudis (with their Bedouin army – Ikhwan) established their current kingdom, but they played a minor role in World War One (possibly a single skirmish with an Ottoman garrison, then war with Kuwait).

They were more concerned with local conflicts (e.g. Rashid dynasty). As far as I know, the Saudis never reached Amman, let alone Damascus. At the southern border of Jordan, they were bombed by the British Royal Air Force.

As for Abdul-Aziz ibn Muhammad, while it is clear that ibn Saud was not an ally of the Ottomans and might of had negotiations with the British, it has never been proven that he was an agent of the British empire.

The Sharifian Army of Mecca, who were the leaders of the Arab Revolt (1916), were bribed with gold and supplied with explosives (by the British empire). Their aim was a United Arab Kingdom, perhaps with Damascus as its capitol.  Faisal (or his army) made it to Damascus.

Later, Faisal was made king of Iraq (by the British).  His brother Abdullah was made king of Transjordan.  Apparently, their father, in the Hijaz, al-Sharif Hussein bin Ali proclaimed himself caliph in 1924.  Soon after, the Hejazi Army (after defeating the Ottomans in Mecca and Medina) lost the Hijaz to the Saudis.

Today, the remaining Sharifian royal family rule the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.   One need only visit the Martyrs museum in Amman or the World War One memorial in Salt, to understand that the Arab Revolt was led by Sharifian forces (initially near the Suez Canal, supported by British forces) and not by Saudi Bedouins in Najd.

Sources:
A History of the Modern Middle East, William L. Cleveland
Saudi Arabia: a case study in development, Fouad al-Fars
The Road to Mecca, Muhammad Asad
A History of Jordan, Philip Robins
A history of Iraq, Charles R. H. Tripp
https://islamqa.info/en/answers/9243/did-shaykh-muhammad-ibn-abd-al-wahhaab-rebel-against-the-ottoman-caliphate-and-what-was-the-reason-for-its-fall
https://www.britannica.com/place/Kuwait/History
https://cdn.britannica.com/89/4789-050-B6176F52/Expansion-Ottoman-Empire.jpg
https://cdn.britannica.com/40/131540-050-EFC5F6A7/Map-Arabia-insets-edition-Palestine-Jerusalem-Encyclopaedia-1902.jpg
http://www.kinghussein.gov.jo/his_arabrevolt.html
https://cdn.britannica.com/49/183749-050-8A2CE93D/World-Data-Locator-Map-Saudi-Arabia.jpg
https://cdn.britannica.com/95/5795-050-F7E34466/Saudi-Arabia-map-features-locator.jpg

The Narcissist

In Jordan I experienced a number of exploitative relationships.  With the case of a girl from China, I would often wonder ‘what the hell was I thinking’.

I first met this girl back in 2009 and was somewhat intrigued as she was a Turk from China, which seemed unusual.  She also seemed very quiet (which I now think is because she did not know any English).  There were hardly any Chinese in Amman at that time and so I said I’d teach her English if she taught me Chinese, but it never happened.

Over time I saw her bad character.  At the beginning I use to feel sorry for her as she talked a lot about how the Chinese government oppresses her people.  Regarding that, I remembered hearing something (back in London) on the news (CNN I think).  Apparently, they were not allowed to fast in the month of Ramadan!

After she had been very rude to me I saw no real friendship and started to realize about how she intended little in the way of improving the situation in China.  That she was well and truly oppressing herself with a form of nationalism.  China had become, by this time, the number two economy in the world.  Something to make the most of I thought.

In Egypt, the Uyghurs I met (as the Turks of China are known) were generally polite, well-mannered, worked hard and positive about life and other people, including Chinese people.  Sure, there were issues at the state level, but then the regular Chinese also criticized their government a little.

I met a lot of Chinese, but had no idea that some of them were Uyghur until one of them met me in the street one day and introduced herself properly (in almost perfect English).  Until then I could not tell the difference, although, by that time (2014), I had learned about them as part of a course on the history of China.  So in Egypt, over time, I really started to like the Uyghur.

As for the one in Jordan, what was her problem?

After I returned to England (2010), I did not talk to her much, but later she started to tell me about her problems (via Facebook) and I started to see some commonality between us.

A few years on, I found myself in Jordan again.  Due to medical treatment, I was stuck there and after a re-union with some former students of the language centre, I learned (from the Korean) that the Chinese Turk was still in Jordan and had stopped talking to her after the Korean had been unable to attend a meet-up.   Felt I’d better let her know that I am in Jordan, lest she also become angry with me too.

So I did let her know and she started to call me and as time went on the calls became longer and longer (and in English).  Being in the same city, but only communicating via the phone became tedious for me and I suggested that we meet.

We met not far from her Arab foster family and we ended up sitting there for a while (and talking in English of course).   At the end of it I felt quite guilty.  Here was a naive young lady who had suffered much stress and depression in the last few years.  Even I noticed the white hairs on her head and she was only twenty-five years of age.  Had I been selfish?  Was I only meeting her because I felt isolated in Jordan?

I wanted to help her and in the medium term even suggested I’d be her older brother if she wanted.  I had already re-acquainted her with our Korean friend (and former colleague) and that had made her glow a bit more 🙂  Thought I was doing something right for a change.  However, as soon as the anti-Chinese rhetoric started, I started to feel like I might have actually done something wrong.

From the way she talked, it started to look like she was suffering from severe depression, may be bipolar or something of the sort.  She even made statements such as having the wrong genes or the wrong family background or born with the wrong nationality, etc.

I started to wonder; to what extent was the people’s republic of China responsible for this girl’s extreme outlook on life?  Perhaps the Chinese government ought to revise its policy towards the Uyghur and other ethnic groups.  Their current policies were clearly not working and brewing something very unhealthy.  Or perhaps this individual was merely narcissistic?  I was never certain.

She was a little obsessed with looks (her own, her tribe and other people) and asked me at least once if she was beautiful.  Stranger than this, she would at times sound very religious and talk the talk.  Other times, she would sound very ungrateful and at least once she sounded blasphemous!  I tried to advise her, even about the racism, but it made no difference.

She was studying a degree in Arabic at WISE university and wanted to start looking for a job before she graduated.  So I helped her with her CV and setting up a profile on various job and career sites.  She wanted more, she wanted me to teach her IT in exchange for her teaching me Chinese.  However, I wanted to enroll on a calligraphy course, a Turkish language course and an Arabic colloquial course and did not have time to do more.  That did not go down too well with her…she even started making preparations.

Unfortunately, our friendship became a little abusive and immature.  She often asked what sort of woman I wanted to marry.  I answered X, Y and Z and she took that to mean herself.  I clarified that ideally I wanted to marry Chinese, which was true to some extent, but actually the race mattered not as much as the character, so any girl would do – even Korean or Arab.  She even asked if I wanted to marry her, but added that I was not her type.  I replied that I was not interested, but even if I was, I would not, since her hatred for Chinese was bad for business.

Six months later (after I had become tired of her racist tendencies and her negativity about Jordan and of Arab women) she called me and demanded that I speak to her in English when talking about personal stuff (which was always the topic of the day), otherwise she would hang up!

I’d been struggling with locals and foreigners trying to get me to teach them English for free.  As a defense, my mind was often, with limited grammar and vocabulary, in Arabic mode, which I could not always control and in the long run may have contributed to brain damage, (but that could of been more because of my bad experiences in the retarded language centres).

On average, I was harassed at least once a week and met a new harasser once a month.

For this reason, my mind was in Arabic mode when the Chinese-hating Turk telephoned me.  As a result, she really did hang up.  After that we had a bit of an unfriendly exchange (by SMS/TXT) and then the silence.   It was difficult at first (probably because I was far from home, family and (my real) friends), but then I felt relieved:   freedom from her corruption at last!

I could not believe that I had put up with her for so long, when I really owed her nothing.  Why on earth had I contacted her in the first place?

Later, the other reality also dawned on me.  How would our mutual fun-loving, chilled-out Korean friend react?  In the long term she stopped talking to me too and I felt sad at first.  Was that because she was the only friend I had in Jordan?

Later, I realized that they were almost as bad as each other, tired of the Arabic language and culture and simply wanting to learn English; migrate to the UK or the USA and in love with money.  This is what drew them to me.

Sometimes it feels like the noble act can also be foolish!

Hanan

On 09/06/2014 at 20:51 Hanan Shaheen said:
Alsalam alykom. How are you. What’s up? How is your eczema skin rash. Wish you the best??


salaam
I’m okay.
How are you?
The doctor thinks I’m fine now.
the skin will heal up soon.
Just thinking about where to enroll
UJLC or Ali Baba
or go home for the Summer
and return to Jordan in September
actually, coming back seems pointless


so may be i will stay for the Summer ??
i’m also thinking of studying in Oman, but they have a complicated enrolment process.
http://www.sqca.edu.om/important-dates.php
Ol thx gad what about talking Arabic ?
so might end up coming back to Jordan after 6 months
Why u r so confused !!!
i’m not sure
what’s ur goal?
ii think i’m trying to weigh up between spending the Summer with friends and family back in UK (and studying part-time) or spending 850 JDs at UJLC this Summer.
Why u r here? what u want to be?
you’re right, Arabic is my goal.
without that, i don’t have a future.
i’ll be forced to return to a job and life i don’t really want.
but i was just thinking that if I’m planning to spend another year in the Middle East, then perhaps it better to return home and this Summer.
Ok do u spend any time here in ramadan?

Continue reading “Hanan”

Jamal

عارف وسط الظلام

On 08/02/2013 at 08:38 Jamal Qhaiwi said:
Hi friends. Again I have been a long time away from the PC because I was diagnosed, by the doctor, with keratoconus. So I had to do an operation..hope u are doing well..by the way what was the link for?


08/02/2013 10:32
salaams,

Jamal! I’m so sorry to hear that…
Pray you will have a quick and full recovery.
Don’t come online no-more, but please keep your phone switched on when you are not at work – lol.
I will try to visit Jordan soon insha’Allah.

Take care.
btw, with Syria in a mess and Egypt unstable, it’s looks likely I’ll have to return to Jordan if I want to learn more Arabic.
As yet nothing is confirmed, will let you know.


10/02/2013 19:25
Waiting your updates bro…..
are you at work?
otherwise i can call you tonight ?
Actually I am at bed now…. I am afraid I cant catch up with u coz I am connected from mobile phone….. I will get laptop sooner bro…… please sorry for inconvenience buddy thanks for understanding
i’m calling your mobile phone…
but it’s engaged
I am deeply sorry I have changed mine to as below :0796747475
lol
Sorry for not letting u to know
Engaged or single ^-*
ringing…
sorry i hung up too early


16/09/2013 19:06
salaams,
Looks like it’s finally happening ?? It’s exciting and daunting at the same time.
insha’Allah I will start booking my flights on Wednesday.
The plan is to go Oman and then Egypt (6 months).
Could you visit me in one of these places or may be even Turkey (it’s half-way between me and you)?
There’s also a small possibility that I can come to Jordan in July 2014, but since it will be Ramadan, would you have time for me. As I understand it, during Ramadan, people tend to stay at home with their families.
What do you think?
Also, will the UJ library be open during Ramadan? Or another library or study centre. I will need someplace to study…
17/09/2013 11:36
So is Ramadan a good time to come? I wont be enrolling anywhere. Just want to practice speaking and self-study. What do you think? Or would you rather meet me in Oman or Egypt or even Turkey?

17/09/2013 17:46Al-Baraa named the group ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? :3?.Al-Baraa changed the group photo.
I hope u are doing well. As a matter of fact that the options will be opened to go for egypt or even turkey. As for oman, there is nothing to do there but if you need a help i have afriend jjust newly moved there. Itsca good step to be taken and good luck for you. As forbthe library during ramadan time it opens but less hours than usual. If you intend seriously i will ask you somebody study there.
Al-Baraa named the group ?????? ??? ???????.
Best and loyal regards,
Your friend jimmy ??
18/09/2013 10:49
Yes bros, i’m really serious about coming to Jordan in July 2014. Please find out what you can. But are you saying that you can come to Egypt or Turkey?
18/09/2013 13:0718/09/2013 14:23
Jamal: Tried calling, but has your number changed or was your phone just switched off.
Baraa: Tried calling you too, but no pick-up. What’s with the pictures..?

Sorry for short notice, but really need some discussion as I’m planning to book flight Saturday. After that there will less seat availability and prices will go up.

Do you think I can get UJ library membership?

Is there an alternative to TAG?

Otherwise it is better if I only come for one week or that we meet in Turkey or Egypt.
20/09/2013 07:12
Sorry bro I dunno if I gave you my late latest number or not. Anyway, its +96 +962 796747475
Sorry its +962 796747475
Actually I will ask for assistance to provide me with more info regarding the a membership at any library whether at uj or tag
As for turkey or even egypt, can you tell when exactly you will be there
I will do my best to catch you there
Third option there a good library
I will sendbyou the link
http://www.shoman.org/en/content/about-library
I hope you get an overview
20/09/2013 10:00
Jamal, this looks great, but where is it located, near UJ or near Baraa or near you?

Do you think it would be suitable for group study?

Insha’Allah, I will be in Egypt from February to June 2014.
Planning to be in Turkey in September 2014 (after Jordan).
Baraa, as you know I was screwed over by Mr Khobazan. For the benefit of Jamal, here is the summary (sorry if I already told you already):
Back in Jordan he used to tell me that Arabic only takes 6 months and that I was taking too long. Then when I was in London and unemployed he advised me not to return to Jordan because Arabic takes 6 years and that if I tried to learn Arabic then I would not get a job and not get married.
He also tried to convince that knowing Arabic is useless for learning religion.

What I was trying to tell you last night is this:

Because I was unemployed for more than a year, I now only have enough money for what I really need.
For one year, UJLC used to cost 1500 JDs, but now it’s 2500 JDs…I can not afford this.
Plus, the teaching there is okay, but not great.

So this is why I am coming to Jordan for self-study only. I could benefit from language partners too (as it does not cost anything). Baraa, can you help with this?

I can stay in Egypt during the Summer, but it is too hot and I wanted to visit my friends Baraa and Jamal.

So the plan is this:
Oman (Oct. – Jan.), Egypt (Feb. – June), Jordan (July and August), Turkey (early Sept.).

Then after all that I need to return to London to enroll for a masters in Arabic literature.

If you think I am wasting my time and money in Jordan, then please say so.
If you want, I will not come to Jordan, but instead will spend the Summer in Turkey. It might be cheaper for me too.
And you can both visit me in Turkey.
Up to you…but I need to know what you think, what you wish and what you are able to do – today please.

I need to book my flights tomorrow! Otherwise I wont be going anywhere ??

Continue reading “Jamal”